Madd — Elongation Rules
Madd Wajib Muttasil المَدّ الوَاجِب المُتَّصِل
A madd letter immediately followed by a hamza inside the same word — held for 4–5 counts.
When a long vowel is followed by a hamza inside the same word, the elongation becomes wajib — obligatory. It is held for four or five counts in regular recitation, six in the rare modes. "Muttasil" means "connected" — the madd letter and the hamza are joined within one word.
Quran examples
جَآءَ
The alif before the hamza is held 4–5 counts. · 3:184
السُّوٓءَ
The waw before the hamza is held 4–5 counts. · 4:17